COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ANTISOLVENTS OF TOLUENE DMF AND DMSO ON THE STABILITY OF PEROVSKITES SOLAR CELLS

This research work delves into a comparative analysis of Perovskite solar cells crafted using

different antisolvents, namely DMF, DMSO/DMF, and TOL/DMF. The investigation focused

on assessing their structural and optical properties, as well as their solar cell efficiency and

stability. Notably, the perovskite layer formed with DMF displayed numerous pinholes, while

the use of TOL/DMF as a mixed solvent yielded a pinhole-free layer. Spectral analysis

revealed heightened light absorption in the perovskite layer produced using TOL/DMF

antisolvent, surpassing those created with DMF and DMSO/DMF antisolvents. Remarkably,

the TOL/DMF mixture led to a higher efficiency of the solar cell compared to DMF and

DMSO/DMF anti-solvents. This enhanced efficiency was attributed to the superior

crystallinity, compactness, and reduced band gap energy of perovskite films generated with

TOL/DMF antisolvent. Additionally, the TOL/DMF-fabricated perovskite film exhibited

outstanding stability, enduring for 600 hours before degradation, a marked improvement over

the DMF and DMSO/DMF variants that maintained stability for only 550 and 420 hours,

respectively. These findings underline the critical influence of antisolvent choice in

optimising the fabrication, efficiency, and stability of Perovskites solar cells.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION.................................................................................................................................... 2DEDICATION........................................................................................................................... 3ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................................................ 3ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................4Contents..................................................................................................................................6CHAPTER ONE...................INTRODUCTIONBACKGROUND OF STUDYSTATEMENT OF PROBLEMAIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECTSCOPE OF THE RESEARCHSIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
CHAPTER TWO..............................13LITERATURE REVIEWS.............................................................................................................. 13Structure and Properties of Perovskite Solar CellsThe Election Transport Layer (ETL):.The Hole Transport Layer (HTL)The Anode and CathodeDifferent Types of Perovskite Solar CellsRegular N-I-P Structure Inverted P-I-N StructuresPROPERTIESFabrication Methods for Perovskite Solar CellsPerformance of Perovskite Solar CellsFUNDAMENTALS OF ANTI-SOLVENTS TREATMENTANTISOLVENT IN PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLSANTISOLVENT TECHNIQUE AND MECHANISMS Advantages of Antisolvent Technique:CHALLENGES OF ANTI-SOLVENTS MECHANISM

CHAPTER THREE.......................27RESEARCH METHODOLOGYEQUIPMENTSAPPARATUSCHEMICALS USEDMATERIALS AND PREPARATIONTITANIUM PRECURSOR SOLUTION PREPARATION...SYNTHESIS OF LEAD IODIDEPEROVSKITES PRECURSOR SOLUTIONSDEPOSITION OF PRECURSOR SOLUTIONSCHARACTERISATION OF PEROVSKITE FILMSUV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER TESTX-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) TESTSCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) TEST
CHAPTER FOUR.........................36RESULTS AND ANALYSISXRD ANALYSISFTIR ANALYSIS ELECTRONIC ANALYSISOPTICAL ANALYSISSEM ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE...CONCLUSIONRECOMMENDATIONSREFERENCES.......