To What Extent Is The Media Considered A Fourth Estate? A Case Study Of Kenyan Media

TABLE OF CONTENT

Declaration ..................................................................................... i

Dedication ...................................................................................... .ii

Acknowledgement ............................................................................ iii

Acronyms ....................................................................................... iv

List of Tables ................................................................................... v

List of Figures ................................................................................. vi

Abstract ........................................................................................ vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the study ................................................................ 1

1.1.2 Broadcast media ......................................................................... 2

1.1.3 Economic Framework ................................................................. 2

1.1.4 Press Laws ............................................................................... 3

1.2 Research Problem .............................................................................. 4

1.3 Scope and Purpose of the study ........................................................ 4

1.4 Significance of the Study ................................................................ 4

1.5 Objective of the Study ................................................................... 5

1.6 General Objective ......................................................................... 5

1. 7 Specific Objective ......................................................................... 5

1.8 Research Questions ...................................................................... 5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 6

2.1 The Mass Media as Fourth Estate .................................................... 6

2.1.1 Carlyle's definition of the Fourth Estate ......................................... 6

2.1.2 Herbaman's Public Sphere ......................................................... 7

2.1.3 The Media as Watch dog ............................................................ 8

2.1.4 Media Independence from the State .............................................. 9

2.1.5 Media concern with rational debate ............................................. 10

2.1.6 Media Independence from their owners ......................................... 12