THE USE OF LOCAL PIGMENTS AND EXTENDERS FOR FORMULATION & PRODUCTION OF EMULSION PAINT

ABSTRACT The major aim of this project research work is to produce emulsion paint from locally sourced pigment & extenders. The materials used for the production was of local source. The major raw materials used for the production of the emulsion paint: water, titanium iv oxide, calcium carbonate, kaoline, calgon, natrosol, biocide P.V.A, ammonia, deformer (Ginap) kerosene, yellow iron oxide and red iron oxide. Emulsion paint of two (2) samples was produced, and calcium carbonate locally obtained was used in larger quantity in order to reduce the cost of production of the paint with little of the expensive titanium iv oxide added. The first sample was a creamy white colour paint, while the second sample has a result of the mixture of blending of locally sourced yellow iron oxide and red iron oxide.  Pigment, that was added to it.  The two (2) samples gave high quality emulsion paints in terms of its brush ability, opacity, coverage, stability etc. Quality control test carried out on the two (2) samples of emulsion paint showed that the local pigment and extenders used (titanium iv oxide, calcium trioxocarbonate iv, kaoline, yellow iron oxide and red iron oxide) fitted in so well in the paints to give the necessary adhesion, opacity and coverage, with excellent binding effect observed.   TABLE OF CONENTS Approval page Letter of transmittal Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of content 
CHAPTER OF ONE: 1.0Introduction 1.1Objectives of the research project 1.2Scope of research work 1.3Significance of study
CHAPTER TWO: 2.0Literature Review 2.1Historical review of paint industry 2.2Outline of paint technology 2.3Paint types 2.3.1Emulsion (water-based) paint 2.3.2Latex paint 2.3.3White wash 2.3.4Case in paint 2.3.5Cement paint 2.3.6Linseed emulsion paint 2.3.7Gloss (oil) paint 2.3.8Enamels 2.3.9Traffic paints 2.3.10 Making paints 2.4Specialties  2.4.1Fire-retardation paints 2.4.2Aerosol colours 2.4.3Insecticide paint 2.5Paint composition and formulation 2.5.1Resins (film formers) 2.5.2Solvents 2.5.3Pigments and extenders 2.6Exterior building paints - formulation 2.7Paint qualities and quality control 2.8Description of raw materials for paint manufacture
CHAPTER THREE 3.0Method of paint formulation 3.1Raw materials for paint formulation 3.2Raw materials for emulsion paint formulation 3.3Functions of the raw materials 3.4Formulation of emulsion paint 3.5Principles of paint formulation 3.5.1Pigment to binder ratio 3.5.2Pigment volume concentration (PVC) 3.5.3Solid content 3.5.4Weight per volume 3.6Process flow diagram (sheet) for production of emulsion paint 3.7Block flow diagram for production of emulsion painbt 3.8Formulea for samples selection
CHAPTER FOUR 4.0Quality control test 4.1Equipments for quality control test 4.2Quality control tests and results
CHAPTER FIVE 5.0Economic evaluation 5.1Costing for sample A 5.2Costing for formulation B 5.3Profitability analysis 5.4Break-even analysis
CHAPTER SIX 6.1Discussion 6.2Conclusion 6.3Recommendation Reference Bibliography Appendix 1 The son standard specification and the test properties of the samples Appendix 2 Formulation for sample A Appendix 3 Formulation for sample B Appendix 4 Manufacture of titanium dioxide from its local ore (ILMENITE)