THE IMPACT OF OIL SPILLAGE ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT (A CASE STUDY OF SAPELE, DELTA STATE)

ABSTRACT Prospecting for oil in Nigeria started as far back as 1930s. Due to the economic reward from petroleum oil a lot of companies are scattered all over the Delta region of river Niger in quest of oil deposits. The act of oil prospecting  and production cannot continue without immense benefits to numerous parties as well as causing hazards and occasional damages to other parties. It is the light of this realization that this project investigated and identified the various effects and the implications of locating and removing the extractive mineral (oil) from their resting beds. Hence, the main objectives of this project examined the various operation of oil mining through the eye of town planner, as they affect man and his immediate environment. The various objectives are to investigate the effect of the pollution generated by oil mining on the built environment and to examine the effect of oil mining on the living condition of the people. The scope of the study was limited to SAPELE but for the benefit of the study, reference was made to other parts of the Delta findings was based on the data analyzed. Based on the data analyzed, recommendation was made to correct the impact of oil mining on the built environment.

  FIGURE 1: MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING DELTA STATE   FIGURE 2: MAP OF DELTA STATE SHOWING SAPELE   TABLE OF CONTENT --xiii CHAPTER ONE  Introduction 1.0 General introduction----1 1.1Statement of research problem---3 1.2 Goal and objectives of the study--8 1.3 Justification of the study----9 1.4The study area------10 1.4.1Location and extent----10 1.4.2Population------12 1.4.3Occupation------12 1.4.4Brief history of oil mining in sapele-13 1.5 Scope of the study------14 1.6 Operational definition of terms----14
Chapter two Literature review 2.0 Introduction-----20 2.1The impact of oil operation on the Nigerian environment22 2.2Environmental degradation brought about by oil mining activities24 2.3Gas flare and air pollution----26 2.4Compensation and development---27 2.5Government responses to environmental degradation28 2.6Environmental protection and management in Nigeria31` 2.7Community relation in oil mining companies in Nigerian33 2.8Prospect of oil mining activities on community-37 2.8.2Factors which hinders oil company efforts to improve physical development of host communities--39
CHAPTER THREE  Research methodology 3.0Introduction-----44 3.1 Source of data collection-----44 3.2 Primary source-------44 3.3 Structured interview guide----45 3.4 Questionnaire------45 3.5 Secondary source------45 3.6 Conduct of survey-------46 3.7 Sampling techniques-----47 3.8 Sample-------47 3.9 Scope and limitation------48
CHAPTER FOUR Data analysis and presentation 4.0 socio-economic study---50
CHAPTER FIVE Summary of findings, recommendation and conclusion. 5.0 Summary-------65 5.1 recommendation------66 5.2 conclusion------71
References Appendix 1 Appendix 11 Appendix11