RECLAMATION MEASURES FOR GULLY EROSION SITES (A CASE STUDY OF OBOLLO-ETITI, UDENU LOCAL GOVERNMENT)

ABSTRACT The incidence of gully erosion in  Obollo-Etiti in Udenu Local Government  Area of Enugu State has assumed alarming proportions thereby gaining local government recongnition as an ecological disaster.  The aim of this study is therefore to determine and analysis the factors responsible for gully development and with preferring solutions. From my observation, the gully erosion for more than three to four years has been responsible for the loss of farmland, damage of roads, thereby rendering them farmless  for varying period of time and loss of livestock which majority of the population depends on for survival. Congruently, the community have been working on it and even employing indigenous management strategies. However not much progress has been recorded with regard to combating  the manace as both community and government carryout intervention measure almost exclusive of each other, with the information gotten is therefore  recommends among other things that the management strategies of local government  should be harmonized with that of the community with regard for the unique environment and social feature of the study area.               TABLE OF CONTENT Cover page i Title page ii Approval page iii Dedicationiv Acknowledgement v Abstract vii Table of Contents viii CHAPTER ONE  1.0INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the study                      1                                                         1.2Objectives of the study 2 1.3Justification of the study 3
CHAPTER TWO  2.0LITERATURE REVIEW  2.1Definition of Gully Erosion4 2.2Classification of gully 5 2.3Causes of gully erosion 8 2.4Process of gully formation 9 2.5Gully reclamation techniques13
CHAPTER THREE   3.0METHODOLOGY  3.1Study Area 20 3.2Topographic Survey 20 3.3Determination of Soil Properties 21 3.3.1  Grain size distribution 22 3.3.2 Atterberg limit test (liquid limit determination) 23 3.3.3.  Specific gravity determination 24 3.3.4 Permeability determination 26 3.3.5 Direct shear test determination 27 3.3.6 Dry and bulk densities determination 28 3.4Hydrological analysis 29 3.4.1  Mean annual Rainfall 29 3.4.2 Intensity duration curve 29 3.4.3 Run-off determination 30 3.4.4 Time of Concentration (TC)30 3.5Selection and design of appropriate control structure 32 3.5.1 Design of Trapezoidal channel 32 3.5.2 Design of drop structure 37 3.5.3 Design of discharge outlet structure 37
CHAPTER FOUR   4.0RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  4.1Results 41 4.2Discussions46
CHAPTER FIVE  5.0RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION  5.1Recommendation 48 5.2Conclusion 49 References 51