PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF CRATEVA ADANSONII

ABSTRACT Inflammation is a complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogen, damage cells or irritants. The urgency generated by in increased rate of stroke, atheroselerosis attributed to prolong use of cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 inhibitors have acceralated anti-inflammatory drug research over the last decade while synthetic pharmaceutical agents continued to dominate research, attention increasingly has been directed to natural products. These are often more affordable and available and sometimes are perceived as more effective than conventional anti-inflammatory drugs.
Anti-inflammation was carried out using 11 rats. That was divided into three groups of four rats each. Group 1 and 2 served as the positive and negative control respectively. Groups 3 and 4 received 200mg/kg b.w and 600mg/kg b.w. of the extracts respectively. However, it was discovered that the stem bark of crateva Adansonii showed greater significance anti-inflammatory activity when compared with the standard.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page--------i Certificate page-------ii Dedication--------iii Acknowledgment-------iv Abstract  ---------v Table of contents-------vi
CHAPTER ONE 1.0Introduction-------1 1.1Types of inflammation-----2 1.2Aims and objectives------3 1.3Rational study -------3 1.4Taxonomy-------4 1.5Physical description of crateva adansonii-5 1.6Distribution-------6 1.7Cultivation-------6 1.8Uses of crateva adansonii----7 1.9Sources--------7
CHAPTER TWO Literature review-------8 2.1 types of inflammation-----8 2.2Events in acute inflammation---22 2.3Increased blood flow and from---26 2.4Chemotaxis-------26 2.5Eosinophils-------27 2.6Benefit of inflammation-----29 2.7Anti-inflammation agents----30 2.8Steroids--------30 2.9Non-steroidal anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDS) 31  2.10Immune Selective Anti-Inflammatory Derivatives (IMSAID)   ------33 2.11Anti inflammatory diet----34 2.12Natural anti-inflammatory supplements-36 2.13Benefits of non-sterodial anti- inflammatory38 2.14Mediators of information-----39 2.15Cytokines-------41 2.16Histamine-------42 2.17Arachidonic acid------42 2.18Nitric oxide-------45
CHAPTER THREE MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1Materials  --------47 3.2Methodology-------49 3.4Column chromatography----50 3.5Phytochemical analysis of the extract--58 3.6Thin layer chromatograophy (TLC)--62 3.7Anti-inflammatory activity test---63 3.8Thin layer chromatography (TLC) ---65
CHAPTER FOUR 4.1 The effect of methanol fraction of methanol extract of crateva adansonii ion acute inflammation of rat paw. 4.2 Phytochemical analysis of extract ----68 4.3 Phytochemical analysis of dichloromethane fraction 69   CHAPTER FIVE 5.1Discussion--------70 5.2Conclusion------