Evaluation Of The Use Of Red Soil as a photo Catalyst In Solar Disinfection Of Drinking Water

Table of Contents

DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................................ i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................... ii

ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background information ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Problem statement. .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.3 Hypothesis ........................................................................................................................................... 2

1.5 Purpose of the study ...................... , ..................................................................................................... 2

1.6 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 2

I .7 Justification of the study ..................................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 3

2.1 Solar disinfection of drinking water (SODIS) ..................................................................................... 3

2.2 Inactivation of pathogens .................................................................................................................... 3

2.2.1 E. coli detection ........................... ' ...................................................................................................... 4

2.3 Enhancement technologies for solar disinfection ................................................................................ 5

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 7

3.1 STUDY AREA .................................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 MATERIALS ...................................................................................................................................... 7

3.3 METHODS AND PROCEDURES· ..................................................................................................... 7

3.3.1 STEP I. COMPARISON OF PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF SOIL SAMPLES AND

FERRIC OX! DE .............................................................................................................................. 9

3.3.2 STEP 2. COMPARE THE ABILITY OF SOIL SAMPLE TO STERILISE WATER IN USING

LAMPS IN THE LABOROTORY IN RELATION TO FERRIC OXIDE ..................................... 10

3.3.3. STEP 3: ESTABLISH THE CONDITIONS NECCESARY FOR SOIL SAMPLE TO EFFECT

STERILISATION UNDER SOLAR, RADIATION ....................................................................... 11

3.4 LIMITATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 11

CHAPTER FOUR: RESEARCI-1 FINDINGS ............................................................................................ 12

4.1 STEP I: COMPARISON OF PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF SOIL SAMPLES AND

FERRIC OXIDE ..................................................................................................................................... 12

4.1.1 EXPERIMENT I: Dye degradation by ferric oxide (proof of photo catalysis) .................... 12

4.1.2 EXPERIMENT 2: Reproduction of dye degradation using soil sample ............................... 14

4.1.3 EXPERIMENT 3: evaluation of photo catalytic activity under UV radiation ...................... 15

4.2 STEP 2: COMPARE THE ABILITY OF SOIL SAMPLE TO STERILISE WATER IN USING

LAMPS IN THE LABOROTORY IN RELATION TO FERRIC OXIDE ............................................. 16