Evaluation of The Effect of ANTHROPOGENIC Activities and Domestic Waste On Surface Water

ABSTRACT  The microbiological and organic pollutants characteristics of Owena dam in Ifedore local  government  area  of  Ondo-state,  Nigeria  was  carried  out,  nine  water  samples  were collected from three different parts of the downstream side, which include; around the waste disposal  site,  community  settlement  and  farm  environment.  The  microorganisms  isolated were  escherichia  coli,  enterobacter  species,  staphylococcus  aureus,  proteus  species, streptococcus species, pseudomonas species and saccharomyces species.  The  presence  and  absence  of  micro-organism  isolated  from  the  dam  water  sample with their total aerobic microbial count (TAMC) and total yeast mould count (TYMC) value at each station were; station 1, 1065cfu/ml and 72sfu/ml, Coliform, E-Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus,  Pseudomonas  specie  were  present,  Salmonella  Typhi  was  absent.;  station  2, 755cfu/ml  53sfu/ml,  Coliform,  Escherichia  Coli,  Staphylococcus  Aureus,  Pseudomonas specie,  Salmonella  Typhi  were  present.;  station  3,  400cfu/ml  and  25sfu/ml,  Coliform, Escherichia  Coli,  Staphylococcus  Aureus,  Pseudomonas  specie,  Salmonella  Typhi  were present. The  bacterial  isolates;  Escherichia  coli  ranges  from  6.3%  to  50.0%;  Enterobacter species, 10.0% to 50.0%; Staphylococcus aureus 25.0% to 37.5%; Proteus species, 30.0% to 40.0%; Streptococcus species, 15.4% to 61.5%; pseudomonas species, 12.5% to 50.0%. For the fungal isolates, saccharomyces species ranges from 7.7% to 53.8%. The  physiochemical  parameters  checked  for  in  the  dam  water  sample  range  is  as follow:  PH,  6.80;  temperature,  25oC  to  29oC;  conductivity,  35μs/cm  to  60μs/cm;  total hardness, 0.3mg/l  to  1mg/l;  total  dissolved  solid, 58mg/l  to  70mg/l;  total suspended solid, 25mg/l  to  120mg/l;  dissolved  oxygen,  4.0mg/l  to  4.9mg/l;  biochemical  oxygen  demand, 2.1mg/l  –  4.4mg/l;  nitrate,  27mg/l  to  28mg/l;  phosphate,  0.67mg/l  to  1.52mg/l;  sulphate, 110mg/l to 251mg/l; calcium, 10.7mg/l to 39.0mg/l. The microbiological and nitrate  results  showed that  the  dam water is  contaminated and must be treated before consumption
TABLE OF CONTENT  CERTIFICATION  ii DEDICATION  iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  iv TABLE OF CONTENTS  v LIST OF TABLES  viii LIST OF FIGURES  viii ABSTRACT  ixx 
CHAPTER ONE  1 INTRODUCTION  1 1.1   Background of the Study  1 1.2  Objectives of the Study  2 1.3  Justification of the study  2 
CHAPTER TWO  4 LITERATURE REVIEW  4 2.1  Eutrophication  4 2.2  Sources of surface water pollution  5 2.2.1  Point source pollution  6 2.2.2  Non-point source pollution  6 2.3  Waste water  6 2.4  Effect of domestic wastes on surface water quality.  8 2.4.1  Pollution impacts of agriculture on fresh waters  10 2.5  Safe drinking water act  11 2.6  Potable water.  11 
CHAPTER THREE  13 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  13 3.1  Description of site  13 3.2  Methods of Collection of samples  13 3.3  Material and Method  14 3.4  Water Analysis  14 3.4.1  Total dissolved solids  14 3.4.2  Total hardness  15 3.4.3  Nitrates  15 3.4.4  Phosphates  15     vi  3.4.5  Sulphates  16 3.4.6  Dissolved oxygen  16 3.4.7  BOD  16 3.4.8  Temperature  17 3.4.9  PH testing procedures  17 3.5   Analysis of data  17 
CHAPTER FOUR  18 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  18 4.1  Results  18 4.2  Discussions  25  CHAPTER FIVE  28 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION  28 5.1  Conclusion  28 5.2  Recommendations  28 REFERENCES  29                vii  LIST OF TABLES TABLE                             TITLE                     PAGE 2.1    The types of waste water from households.                  7 2.2    Physical, chemical and biological properties of waste water.       8 4.1    The mean counts of micro-organisms isolated from the dam water samples. 18  4.2    Micro-organisms isolated and their percentage occurrence.                            19 4.3     ANOVA data of the micro-organisms isolated from the dam water samples.22 4.4     Mean values of the physiochemical parameters of the dam water samples.   22 4.5     ANOVA data of the physiochemical parameter of the dam water sample.    24                                viii  LIST OF FIGURES TABLE                             TITLE                PAGE  4.1      Micro-organisms isolated             21  4.2       Micro-organisms isolated and their percentage occurrence.   21  4.3       Physiochemical Parameters            24                          ix