ENERGY PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION

PREFACE

This book aims to introduce the student to Energy resources and fundamentals of combustion. The subject matter of the entire text has been arranged in the most commonly used order of preference and with ten chapters.  The first three chapters deal with Energy resources, nature, Energy relationships in chemical system and the availability analysis.  Chapter four of this text is confined to wood and its analysis as fuel. Chapter five deal with fossil fuel, its formation and utilization. Chapter six treats solid fuel, coal formation, uses,  coal analysis, conversion and storage. It also touched coal carbonization.  Chapter seven deal with liquid fuel. Crude oil and the distillation process. Chapter eight concerns itself with the migration of petroleum, form and exploration method. Chapter nine can classified as dealing with gaseous fuel, reservoirs, well and gas drive reservoirs. Chapter ten is an exposition of combustion. I also establish the selected applications of air fuel ratio, percentage theoretical air, excess air, actual air and dew point in combustion process.   This book should be useful to undergraduate and graduate students who require a good knowledge of Energy and some of its important applications. When our students have finished this course I expect them to be conversant with Energy and its utilization. I emphasize physical understanding throughout to make students aware of the variety of phenomena that can occur in fuel technology. I believe that students will feel confident in their ability to tackle energy crises in the society. The book is also well suited for independent study by students or practicing Engineers.  The readability and clear examples help to build student confidence. 





TABLE OF CONTENTS

Dedicationiii Acknowledgement iv Prefacev Table of contents  vii
Chapter One Energy Resources1 Sources of Power1 Renewable and non Renewable  Energy6 Conservation of Energy10
Chapter Two The Nature of Energy12 Energy Changes in Chemical Reaction17 Fuels47 Future Energy Sources54 Depletion of Resources59
Chapter Three Exergy Analysis69 Availability 72 Chapter Four  Wood 79 Physical Properties of Wood81 Heat Values of Wood83 Chapter Five Fossil Fuels86 Fossil Fuels Formation 87 Environmental Interpretation89
Chapter six Solid fuels91 Coal91 Schematic Diagram of Coal92 Coal Analysis95 Coal processing99 Atmospheric and Ecological Pollution104 Synthetic Natural Gas from Coal or Petroleum109
Chapter Seven Liquid Fuels123 Natural and Origin of Petroleum123 Properties of petroleum126 Distillation146
Chapter Eight Migration149 Type of Migration151 Forms of Migration152 Reservoir158
Chapter Nine Gaseous Fuels161 End-uses for Nigeria’s Natural Gas182

Chapter Ten Combustion 185 Analysis by Grass-gravimetric Analysis202 Analysis by volume204 Combustion Process206