Effect Of Annealing On The Efficiency Of Ambient-Atmosphere Fabricated Mapbi3 Perovskite Solar Cells

We describe a novel and cost-effective method to enhance the photo-conversion efficiency of blended PbI2/TiO2 perovskite photovoltaic cells by pre-annealing the constituent film components during the fabrication. This approach is also unique because it does not presume a strictly controlled fabrication environment. The average conversion efficiencies of the cells of the final devices were observed to rise from 6.6% to 10.8% for annealing temperatures of 60 ◦C to 100 ◦C, respectively. Annealing improves the nanoparticle agglomeration in the perovskite film and hence the efficiency. The changes in the film morphology and the optical properties were confirmed using standard techniques.