DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SINGLE PHASE MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER WITH GENERATOR STARTER

ABSTRACT Most industrial and commercial processes are dependent on electrical power. Power failure or outage in general does not promote development in public and private sectors. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or frequent power failure. This limits the development of industries.In addition there are processes that cannot be interrupted because of their importance, for instance surgery operation in hospitals, conducting research, transfer of money between banks and lots more. This project presents the construction of an automatic changeover switch for power failure with generator starter that switches power supply from public supply to generator once there is public power supply outage and this is performed automatically. This is achieved by the use of integrated circuits that have timing abilities and relay to effect switching. TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page---------i Declaration---------ii Approval Page---------iii Dedication---------iv Acknowledgement--------v Abstract---------vi Table of Content--------vii List of Tables---------ix List of Figures---------x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information-------1 Statement of the Problem-------1 Aims and Objectives of the project-----1 1.4 Need for Automation-------2 1.5 High frequency switching technology-----2 1.6 Generator---------2
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 2.0 Introduction:--------3 2.1 Literature Review--------3
CHAPTER THREE: Design And Construction 3.1 Introduction--------5 3.2 Block Diagram of Automatic Changeover Switch---5 3.3 Circuit description of Automatic Changeover Switch---8 3.4 Power Supply Unit-------9 3.5 Controlling Unit (PIC16F876A)------12 3.6 Program Memory Organization------15 3.7 Liquid Crystal Display-------20 3.8 Relay---------22 3.9 Design---------24 3.10 Construction --------36 CHAPTER FOUR:  Test, Results and Discussions  Introduction--------37 4.2Test And Result on power supply -----37
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Summary--------39 5.2 Conclusion--------39 5.3 Recommendation--------39 REFERENCES--------40 
LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Truth Table of Automatic Changeover Switch.---6 Table 3.2: Relay Test --------7 Table 3.3: PIN Configuration-------13 Table 3.4: Microcontroller Circuit Gain-----15