DAIRY CATTLE HUSBANDRY PRACTICES, MARKETING SYSTEM AND EVALUATION OF MILK AND BUTTER QUALITY

Table of Content Contents Pages Approval Page of Project proposal .............................................................................................i Table of Content ........................................................................................................................ii Lists of table..............................................................................................................................iv Lists of figure.............................................................................................................................v Abbreviations and Acronym.....................................................................................................vi 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1. Background of the Study.............................................................................................1 1.2. Statement of the Problem............................................................................................3 1.3. Objective .....................................................................................................................4 1.3.1. General Objective ................................................................................................4 1.3.2. Specific Objective................................................................................................4 1.4. Research Questions.....................................................................................................4 1.5. Scope and Limitation of the Study..............................................................................4 1.6. Significance of the Study ............................................................................................5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................6 2.1. Husbandry Practice of Dairy Cattle ............................................................................6 2.1.1. Dairy Herds Size and Herds Structure In Ethiopia ..............................................6 2.1.2. Breeding Strategies and Reproduction Mechanism in Ethiopia ..........................7 2.1.3. Cattle Feeds and Feeding System ........................................................................7 2.1.4. Watering and Source of Water for the Cattle.......................................................9 2.1.5. Cattle Housing and Waste Management..............................................................9 2.1.6. Traditional Milk Handling and Processing Practices in Ethiopia......................10 2.1.7. Milking Methods and Hygienic Practice ...........................................................10 2.1.8. Animal Health Service.......................................................................................11 2.1.9. Extension Service...............................................................................................12 2.1.10. Constraints of Milk Production in Ethiopia .......................................................12 iii 2.2. Milk and Butter Composition, Quality and Physico-Chemical Properties ...............13 2.2.1. Chemical Compositional Characteristics of Raw Milk .....................................13 2.2.2. Physical Quality Assessment of Raw Milk........................................................15 2.2.3. Microbial Characteristics of Milk......................................................................16 2.2.4. Chemical Composition and Microbial Quality of Butter...................................17 3. MATERIAL AND METHOD..........................................................................................19 3.1. Description of the Study Area...................................................................................19 3.2. Sampling Design and Procedures..............................................................................20 3.2.1. Household Survey Sampling..............................................................................20 3.2.2. Sources and Methods of Data Collection...........................................................22 3.2.3. Data to Be Collected ..........................................................................................23 3.3. Milk Quality Assessment and Sampling ...................................................................23 3.3.1. Milk Physical Quality Assessment ....................................................................24 3.3.2. Milk Chemical Qualities Assessment Method...................................................26 3.3.3. Milk Microbial Load Assessment......................................................................27 3.4. Butter Quality Assessment and Sampling.................................................................29 3.5. Data Analysis ............................................................................................................30 3.6. Ethical Consideration in the Fieldwork.....................................................................31 3.7. Expected Outputs ......................................................................................................31 4. BUDGET AND WORK PLAN........................................................................................31 4.1. Work Plan..................................................................................................................31 4.2. Budget .......................................................................................................................32 5. Reference ..........................................................................................................................33