CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER FOR BOTH OVERHEAD AND UNDERGROUND TANKS

ABSTRACT Automatic water level controller for both overhead and underground tank is designed to monitor the level of water in a tank. It displays the level of water and when it is at the lowest level; a pump is activated automatically to refill the tank. When the tank is filled to its maximum capacity, the pump is automatically de-energized. Several circuits are put together to ensure proper working of this design, and the block diagram includes the supply unit, the micro-processor unit, the sensor unit, the display unit and the pump drives unit. The power unit is responsible for turning on the entire circuit. Some components are used to set up power unit and they include; a 15v step down transformer, a bridge rectifier circuit, a smoothening capacitor and a voltage regulator IC. The microprocessor (AT89S50) controls virtually all the actions carried out in this design. (AT89S50) is used in the design. The sensor unit is responsible for sensing the level of water and transfer the current position of water to the microprocessor. The display unit in the circuit is use to physically show the current position of water in the tank, the properties of seven segment display are been used.
TABLE OF CONTENT      Cover page- - - - - - - - - - - - -i Title page - - - - - - - - - - - -ii Certification - - - - - - - - - - - -iii Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - -iv Abstract - - - - - - - - - - - --v Table of content - - - - - - - - - - - -vi List of figure - - - - - - - - - - - -vi List of table - - - - - - - - - - - -x
CHAPTER ONE            1.0 INTRODUCTION- - - - - - - - - - -1 1.1 background - - - - - - - - - - -1 1.2 aims and objective - - - - - - - - - -2 1.3 scope of the study- - - - - - - - - -3 1.4 constrains- - - - - - - - - - - -3 1.5 limitations of the project- - - - - - - - -4 1.6 block diagram- - - - - - - - - - -4  1.7  project report organization-  - - - - - - - -5
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW           2.0 review- - - - - - - - - - - -6 2.1 sensors- - - - - - - - - - - -7
CHAPTER THREE           METHODOLOGY           3.00  Project block diagram- - - - - - - - -11 3.01 fluid level detector - - - - - - - - - -11 3.02 system analysis - - - - - - - - - - -12 3.03 step-down transformer- - - - - - - - -12 3.04 transformer circuit representation- - - - - - - -13 3.05 diodes- - - - - - - - - - - -13 3.06 LED- - - - - - - - - - - - -15 3.07 Bridge rectifier- - - - - - - - - - -17 3.08 Voltage regulators- - - - - - - - - -18 3.09 Resistors- - - - - - - - - - - -19 3.10 Transistors- - - - - - - - - - -22 3.11 Relays- - - - - - - - - - - -24 3.12 Piezo electric buzzer- - - - - - - - - -25 3.13 Hardware component- - - - - - - - - -26 3.14 Power supply unite- - - - - - - - - -27 3.15 Display unite- - - - - - - - - - -27 3.16 Input interface design- - - - - - - - - -28 3.17 Pump control segment- - - - - - - - -29 3.18 Input interface design - - - - - - - - -30 3.19 Sensor unit- - - - - - - - - - -30 3.20 Micro-processor unit - - - - - - - - - -31
CHAPTER FOUR          4.01 Overview of the project- - - - - - - 38 4.02 Software design- - - - - - - - - 40 4.03 Software development - - - - - - - 40 4.04 Translator- - - - - - - - - - 41 4.05 Linker/loader- - - - - - - - - 42 4.06 Debugging- - - - - - - - - - 43 4.07 Development process- - - - - - - - 43 4.08 System control program steps- - - - - - 44 4.09 Program-   - - - - - - - - - 45
CHAPTER FIVE SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION Test plan and test data- - - - - - - - - -50
5.00 Component test- - - - - - - - - -49 5.01 System test- - - - - - - - - -50 5.02 Transformer test - - - - - - - - -50 5.03 Other test- - - - - - - - - - -51 5.04 Experimented value vs. actual values- - - - - -51 5.05 Performance evaluation- - - - - - - -52 5.06 Packaging- - - - - - - - - - 54 5.07 Bill of engineering measurement and evaluation- - - 53 5.08 conclusions- - - - - - - - - - 54 5.09 Problem encountered - - - - - - - -55  5.10 Recommendations- - - - - - - - -56  5.11 REFERENCE-- - - - - - - - - -57 
LIST OF FIGURES Fig 1.0 project block diagram- - - Fig 3.1 transformer representation - - Fig 3.2 diode symbol representation- - Fig 3.3 LED- - - - - - Fig 3.4 bridge rectifier wave form - - - Fig 3.5 schematic of integrated circuit- - Fig 3.6 resistor connection in series- - Fig 3.7 resistors connected in parallel- - Fig 3.8 resistor colour code representation-Fig 3.9 transistor symbol representation- - Fig 3.10 project circuit diagram- - - Fig 3.11 current path of transistor- - - Fig3.12 diagram of a relay-  - - - Fig 3.13 Regulated power supply- - - Fig 3.14 pin configuration of AT78OS51- - Fig 3.15 water pump control circuit- - Fig 4.0 project circuit diagram- - -- - - - 
INTRODUCTION The project “automatic water level control with an automatic pump control system” is design to monitor the level of liquid in the tank. The system has an automatic pumping system attached to it so as to refill the tank once the liquid gets to the lower threshold, while offing the pump once the liquid gets to the higher threshold. Sustainability of available water resource in many reason of the word is now a dominant issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Water is commonly used for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient use and water monitoring are potential constraint for home or office water management system. Moreover, the common method of level control for home appliance is simply to start the feed pump at a low level and allow it to run until a higher water level is reached in the water tank. This water level control, controls monitor and maintain the water level in the overhead tank and ensures the continuous flow of water round the clock without the stress of going to switch the pump ON or OFF thereby saving time, energy, water, and prevent the pump from overworking Besides this, liquid level control systems are widely used for monitoring of liquid levels in reservoirs, silos. Proper monitoring is needed to ensure water sustainability is actually being reached with disbursement linked to sensing and automation, such programmatic approach entails microcontroller based automated water level sensing and controlling or using 555 timer IC.