COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PRINCIPALS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN AWKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to compare the managerial effectiveness of principals of private and public secondary schools in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State. The study was guided by four research questions and one null hypothesis. The sample was made of 499 respondents; consisting of 37 principals and 462 teachers from 19 private and 18 public secondary schools in the area of study. The 499 respondents represented 92.92% of the entire population of 537 of study. The instruments for data collection were two structured questionnaires titled “Managerial Effectiveness Questionnaire for Principals” (MEQ) and “Principals’ Managerial Effectiveness Questionnaire” (PMEQ). The instruments were validated by three experts and the data collected were analyzed using weighted mean. The findings indicate that principals of both private and public schools are fairly effective in the management of human resources although the principals of private schools scored higher in their managerial effectiveness. As regards the other three resources-financial, infrastructural and learning resources-the principals of both private and public schools were quite effective. It was among others recommended that Anambra State Conference of Principals of Secondary Schools (ANCOPSS) should facilitate the cross fertilization of ideas between the principals of private and public secondary schools in order to enrich themselves and find ways of further improving their effectiveness. There is need to review the way fund are disbursed to the principals in public schools for infrastructural maintenance.   
Keywords: Managerial effectiveness, Public schools, Private schools.  
  INTRODUCTION  Management and leadership are important elements of any organization, however small or large. Every organization has its goals and objectives. This gives rise to the need to plan and mobilize resources, human and material for the realization of these goals and objectives. 
The school is a formal organization and like every formal organization, it has its clear statement of aims and objectives, an organogram that shows the hierarchy of authority and responsibility, a division of labour and line of coordination and communication. Effectively welding this machinery for the achievement of the goals for which the school is set up, require effective management under the leadership of the principal. This is the reason behind the maxim that states that “an effective principal is a necessary precondition for an effective school” (Yu, 2009). 
The goal of management is the optimization of the output and achievement of the organizational goals through a maximum utilization of resources. More specifically, Obi (2004), describes the goal of management in education in terms of planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating and directing the affairs of educational institution towards achieving educational objectives. In this study, an attempt is made to ascertain how principals as the heads of secondary schools in public and private schools in Awka South Local Government Area, arrange and utilize available resources, human and material, for the achievement of educational goals. The paper will also examine the difference in the effectiveness in the management of the public and private secondary schools in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State. Public schools are schools owned and managed by private individuals, voluntary agencies and churches. 
Managerial effectiveness refers to the optimal utilization of available resources for the optimization of output. It has to do with the relationship between the input and the output. There is effectiveness if there is optimization of output relative to the input. Thus it has to do with efficiency. With regard to school administration, managerial effectiveness refers to the ability of school administrators to harness and channel the human and material resources available to the school towards the attainment of the goals of the school. Managerial effectiveness as regards education involves the processes under which the input by schools, that is, human and material resources and classroom dynamics, combine to produce educational output.