BUDGETING AS AN EFFCETIVE TOOLS IN CONTROLLING GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE (A CASE STUDY OF SOME GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS).

ABSTRACT This research project was initiated to highlight how budgeting can be fully used in the control of government expenditure, using some government parastatals as a case study. As we know budgeting is a system that sees the plans of government in terms of revenue and expenditure in motion. Hence budget is a plan, a system that sees the plans of government, in order words budget in the creation often world which he imbibed on what we call the four dimension of creation. It then implies that budgeting is a sinequanon to everybody, be it organization, society etc. However, this system is not efficient by applied and its benefit utilized.  The appraisal of budgeting as a tool for the control of government expenditure using some government parastatals was carried out. This study was done to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of budget preparation, implementation and monitoring for achievement of results. In one findings, I found out that in any organization where budgets are fully accepted, the achievement of policy objectives is highly obtainable.  this rarely the case study in some government parastatals because there is a very big gap between the top executive and subordinates who are usually the machinery for effective implementation of the budget. this gives room for non acceptability of the budget and their set objectives. If everybody in the government parastatals understand the importance of budget and its implementation, the interest of all be represented, on basis of the findings so recommendations were made in order to improve of budget system as a vital tool for the control of government expenditure.In the course of the study some hypothesis were formulated. Data were collected based on questionnaire surveys and oral interviews. The hypothesis were stated to reflect the problem under study. The collected data and stated hypothesis were later analyzed and tested using two universally accepted statistical tools, simple arithmetic  percentage and the chi-square (X2) test.   TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page===========i Approval/Certification========ii Dedication==========iii Acknowledgement=========iv Abstract===========v Table of Content=========vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study=======1 1.2Statement of Problem=======3 1.3Objective of Study========4 1.4Research Questions========5 1.5Hypothesis=========5 1.6Scope of the Study========6 1.7Significance of the Study=======6 1.8Limitation of the Study=======9 Reference==========9
CHAPTER TWO 2.0Review of Related Literature======10 2.1Definition and the Subject matter of budgeting==10 2.2Types of Budgeting========16 2.3Objective of Budgeting=======20 2.4Step and procedures in budget preparation===21 2.5Budget Implementation=======22 2.6Elements of Successful budgeting=====23 2.7Characteristic of a good budgeting system===27 2.8Organization of the finance department of Ministry of Finance Enugu North Council======29 2.9Budgeting in some government parastatals===33 2.10 Budgeting as a source of Revenue=====36 2.11Budgeting as a tool of control======37 Reference=========40
CHAPTER THREE 3.0Research design and method======42 3.1Introduction=========42 3.2Area of Study=========43 3.3Population of Study========44 3.4Sources of Data========44 3.5Sample and Sampling Techniques=====45 3.6Validity Reliability of Research Instruments===46 3.7Method of data collection=======47 3.8Questionnaires=========47 Reference==========48
CHAPTER FOUR 4.0Presentation and Analysis of Data=====49 4.1Presentation and Analysis of Result=====49 4.2Test of Hypothesis========63
CHAPTER FIVE 5.0Summary of Finding, Conclusion and Recommendation=69  5.1Finding==========69 5.2Conclusion=========72 5.3Recommendation========73 Bibliography=========86 Appendix==========89