BASIC REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY

PREFACE I take this opportunity to present this book title Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology to student of Degrees and Diploma Courses.  The object of this text is to present the subject in matter in more concise, compact to the point and in a lucid manner.While writing this book, I have continuously kept in mind the examination requirements of students preparing for Degrees and Diploma Examinations.In order to make this volume more useful for them, complete problems solutions have been included to enable them understand steps used in solutions, involving refrigeration cycles and air conditioning loads. Every care has been taken to make the book as self explanatory as possible.  The subject matter has amply illustrated by incorporating a good number of solved and unsolved practical refrigerating cycles. Most of these examples are taken from recent examination papers both for degree.  Diploma paper and of universities and polytechnics as welll as professional bodies to make students familiar with the type of questions usually set in these examinations.At the end of each chapter, some exercise have been added for students to solve them independently.In some exercise answers to the problems have been provided, but it is too much hoped that these are entirely free from errors.It is hoped that the book will earn appreciation from teachers/ readers and students alike.Althoug h every care has been taken to check mistakes and misprints, yet it is difficult to claim perfecting improvement of this text brought to my notice will be thankfully acknowledge and in co-operated in the next edition.
The book is comprehensive in its coverage without sacrificing the necessary theoretical as well as practical rigours. The emphasis throughout is on the application of theories and practical refrigeration cycles for both domestic and industrial refrigerators.  The book s designed as a complete course for both mechanical, chemical and aeronautical engineering in universities and polytechnics.
The book also emphasis the use of thermodynamics as an important text in refrigeration cycles.
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dedication  Acknowledgements Preface Introduction 
CHAPTER ONE  Fundamentals of Refrigeration  Development of Refrigeration  How a Machine Refrigeration Operates Definitions of Some Terms Heat Transfer Effect of Pressure on Evaporation Temperature Effect of Pressure on Freezing Temperatures Refrigerating Effect of Ice
CHAPTER TWO Principle of Thermodynamics Properties of Substances Properties of Vapour
CHAPTER THREE Heat Engine and Refrigerator Second Law of Thermodynamics Heat Transfer Refrigeration and Heat Pump The Ideal Heat Engine Cycle  Vapour Compression Cycles 1 Application of Heat Pump Plant Refrigeration Plant with Isentropic Efficiency  The Carnot  Refrigeration Cycle The Vapour Compression Cycle II The Air Refrigeration Cycle Comparison of Refrigeration Cycles Reversed Carnot Cycles Dryness Fraction Criterion of Performance of Refrigeration cycle  Practical Refrigeration Cycles Modified Carnot Cycle
CHAPTER FOUR Refrigerators and Heat Pump II Reversed Heat Engine Cycles  Vapour Compression Cycles Replacement of the Expansion Engine by a Throttle valve Condition at the Compressor Inlet Under colling of the condensed Vapour Refrigerating Load The Pressure Enthalpy Diagram Compressor Type The use of the Flash Chamber
CHAPTER FIVE Calculations Examples  Problems
CHAPTER SIX Psychometry and Air Conditioning  Psychometric Mixtures Specific Humidity, Relative Humidity and  Percentage Saturation Measurement of Relative Humidity Psychometric Chart Specific Enthalpy, Heat Capacity and Specific Volume and MOIST Air Specific Heat Capacity of Most Air Air Conditioning Systems Summer Air Conditioning  Air Condition System Winter Air Conditioning 
CHAPTER SEVEN Positive Displacement Machines Reciproting Compressors  The condition For Minimum work Isothermal Efficiency  Reciprocating Compressors Including Clearance  Volumetric Efficiency Multi Stage Compression  The Ideal Inter Mediate Pressure Energy Balance for a Two Stage Machine with inter cooler Steady Flow Analysis Centrifugal Compressors
CHAPTER EIGHT Tools and Equipment General Hand Tools Portable Electric Drills Specialized Hand Tools Air Condition and Refrigeration Reversible  Retechet Box Wrenches Specialized Service and Installation Equipment  Review Questions 

CHAPTER NINE Trouble Shorting Refrigeration Tools and Equipment Materials 
CHAPTER TEN Hygrometry Relative Humidity Dew Point The Psychrometrics Dry Bulb Temperature DB Moisture Content Dry Bulb Temperature Dry Bulb Temperature Dry Bulb Relative Humidity Defined We Balls Temperature The Psychrometric Chart For Relative Humidity Lines Refrigerants Lubrication Pouring Port Arrangement of Components Daltons Law and Partial Pressures Properties of Air Psychrometry Appendixes References Index