ASSESSEMENT OF LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN NIGERIA URBAN CENTERS, A CASES STUDY OF OSOGBO CITY IN OSUN STATE. NIGERIA

ABSTRACT A field survey was carried out at eight (8) locations (Powerline, Sabo, Oja-oba, Oke-ayepe, Oke-baale,  Dagbolu,   Aiyetoro   and  Isale-osun)  selected   randomly   in  Osogbo   city of   Osun  state.Nigeria   to   assess   the   extent   of   Landscape   practice   in   the   city.   This   is   done   through   theadministration of questionnaire to 0.2% of the selected location projected 2015 population fromthe available 1991 population data and a total of 193 questionnaire was administered. Twohypotheses were tested and the two involve two different variable against one (Topography andGovernment effort against Landscape Quality) using the chi square to determine their level ofsignificance difference. This is to ascertain the quality of Osogbo Landscape and the major causefor the result be it Good or bad which is definitely bad with a level of significance difference lessthan 0.05 (p>0.05) for the two hypotheses. Other data acquire through the administration ofquestionnaire   on   site   were  analysis   with   the   use   of   SPPS   and   interpreted   with   the   use   ofGraphical representations. 
TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                                                                  Title page  i Certification  ii Dedication  iii Acknowledgements  iv Abstract vi Table of content vii List of tables ix List of figures x List of plates x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study……………………………………………….. ………………1 1.2 Statement of  Research Problem……………………………………………………...3 1.3 Justification of study…………………………………………………………………..4 1.4 Aim and Objectives of the study……………………………………………………...5 1.4.1 Aim of the study……………………………………………………………..5 1.4.2 Objectives of the study………………………………………………………6 1.5 ResearchQuestions and Hypothesis…………………………………………………...6 1.5.1 Research Questions………………………………………………………………61.5.2Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………….6 1.6 Research Limitation………………………………………………………………………….7 1.7Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………………….7 1.8The study area…..…………………………………………………………………………...8 1.8.1 Historical Background…………………………………………………………….8 1.8.2 Geographical Location…………………………………………………………….9 1.8.3Population…………………………………………………………………………10 1.8.4Socio-Economic Features…………………………………………………………10 1.8.5 The City Landscape……………………………………………………………….116
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2.1Literature Review………………………………………………..12 2.1.1Introduction………………………………………………………………………12 2.1.2 Landscape Planning in Nigeria……………………………………………………15 2.1.3 Landscape Planning in Osogbo…………………………………………………..17 2.1.4Landscape Planning and Management………………………………………….18 2.1.4.1Landscape Management……………………………………………….18 2.1.4.2 Landscape Planning and Management Regulatory Instruments……….19 2.1.4.3 Regulatory Management Approaches………………………………….21 2.1.4.4Non-regulatory Approaches……………………………………………24 2.1.4.5 Important of Landscape Planning and Management………………….26 2.1.4.6Problems of Landscape Planning and Management…………………..27 2.2 Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………………….29   2.2.1 Aesthetic Theory…………………………………………………………………….30 2.2.2 Landscape Assessment Process…………………………………………………….36   2.2.3 GIS in Landscape Planning…………………………………………………………40
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..45 3.2 Data Required……………………………………………………………………………...45 3.3 Sources of Data……………………………………………………………………………45 3.3.1 Primary Data……………………………………………………………………..46 3.3.2. Secondary Data…………………………………………………………………46 3.4Population for the study……………………………………………………………………47 3.5 Sampling Technique and Sampling size……………………………………………………48 3.6 Instrument and Instrument Validation……………………………………………………49 3.7 Data Analysis Procedure…………………………………………………………………….49
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION 4.1 Assessment of Landscape Planning and Management in the study area………………….50 4.2 Distribution of Questionnaire across selected Location in the study area……………50 4.2.1 Graphical Analysis of Data Collected from the Residence of Osogbo………….50 4.3 Formulation, Testing and Interpretation of Hypothesis…………………………………..647 4.3.1 Hypothesis Formulation………………………………………………………..64 4.3.2 Hypothesis Testing………………………………………………………………64
CHAPTER   FIVE:  SUMMARY   OF   FINDINGS,   CONCLUSION   AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary of Findings………………………………………………………………………67 5.2 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….67 5.3 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………68 5.3.1 Publication and Awareness of Landscape Planning…………………………….68 5.3.2Intensification of Physical Planning……………………………………………..69 5.3.3 Adequate Funding of Landscape Projects………………………………………69 5.3.4 Efficient Use of available Open spaces…………………………………………..69
CHAPTER SIX: REFERENCES6.1 References…………………………………………………………………………………71Questionnaire…………………………………………………………………………………..82 LIST OF TABLESTable Title3.1 Data for Objectives……………………………………………………………………46 3.2 Population of randomly selected locations in Osogbo……………………………….48 4.1 Distribution of Questionnaires…………………………………………………………51 4.2 Age distribution of the Respondent……………………………………………………52 4.3 Education level of Respondents……………………………………………………….52 4.4 Type of Landscape Element……………………………………………………………54 4.5 Sewage Disposal………………………………………………………………………..56 4.6 Availability of Waste Management System…………………………………………..57 4.7 Access to Respondent’s Building………………………………………………………..59 4.8 Ownership and Management of Infrastructures and Social Amenities………………….64 4.3.1 Result of Chi-square analysis showing relationship between Topography and Landscape quality of Osogbo………………………………………65 4.3.2 Result of Chi-square analysis showing relationship betweeneffort of Government and Landscape quality of Osogbo……………………………..668
LIST OF FIGURES Figure               Title1.1 Map of Nigeria showing Osun state……………………………………………..8 1.2                   Map Osun state showing Osogbo city……..…………………………………….9 1.3 Map of Osogbo showing the two L.G.A…………………………………………10 2.1 Overview of Landscape Assessment Process……………………………………36 2.2 Planning cycle……………………………………………………………………424.1 Sex of Respondent……………………………………………………………….514.2 Topography of the Area………………………………………………………….534.3 Type of Respondent’s Building………………………………………………….534.4 Availability of Landscape Element………………………………………………544.5 Dominant Landscape element……………………………………………………554.6 Landscape Quality of the Area…………………………………………………..564.7 Agents Providing of Waste Management System……………………………….584.8 Usage of Waste Management System……………………………………………584.9 Government Effort on Landscaping the Area……………………………………594.10 Condition of Access Route………………………………………………………604.11 Building Setback…………………………………………………………………614.12 Sales of Land…………………………………………………………………….624.13 Landscape Project Provider……………………………………………………...624.14 Benefits of Landscape Projects…………………………………………………..63LIST OF PLATESPlate TitleI The Yozgat Pine Grove National Park, Turkey……………………………………….32II High quality Lakeland landscape compared to low quality landscapewith quarrying and abandonment of farmland………………………………………..38III Forest (L) at Oke-baale, Flowers (R) at N.O.U.N, Oke-ayepe…………………………55IV Drainage System at Powerline…………………………………………………………...57V Bad condition of Access route at Oke-ayepe..…………………………………………60VI Poor building Setback at Oke-baale…………………………………………………….61VII Street Furniture (L), Dualization of Aiyetoro/Powerline road (R)…………………….63