ANALYSIS OF OPTIMUM ECONOMIC LOADING IN AN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Electricity companies typically possess numerous units and they need to commit unit because electricity cannot be stored in a large-scale system and demand is a random variable process fluctuating with the time of the day and the day of the week. A problem that must be frequently resolved by electricity utility is to economically determine a schedule of what units will be used to meet the forecasted demand, and satisfy operating constraints. Lagrangian multiplier method is one of the techniques based on equal Incremental Cost of fuel input for the units in operation. It is helpful for the optimum load sharing among units, with satisfying constraints under different environment. Simulation algorithm is prepared in this paper and simulation is done with Matlab for standard set of Units. Different Incremental Cost values are extracted for different load demands and their Optimized Incremental Cost and load sharing values are found.

TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page .............i Certification .........ii Approval page .....iii Dedication ............iv Acknowledgement ......................v Abstract ...............vi Table of Content vii List of figures...... ix List of tables .........x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION (1.1)      Background of the study .(1) (1.2)       Statement of the problem ..................(2) (1.3)       Aim and Objectives of the study ..............(2) (1.4)       Significance of the study (3) (1.5)       Scope of the study ..........(3) (1.6)      Organisation of the project .(3)
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW (2.1) History of Power System Optimization ......(4) (2.2) Economic Loading.............(5) (2.3) Optimization .....................(6) (2.4) Electric Energy Generation .(7) (2.5) Electric Generator ..........(12) (2.6) System Cost In Power Generation ...........(13) (2.7) System Load ...................(13) (2.8) System Reserve ..............(16) (2.9) System Reliability ..........(17)
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY (3.1) Optimization Technique .(18) (3.1.1) Linear Programming ....(18) (3.1.2) Non Linear programming ......................(23) (3.1.3) Stochastic programming .(25) (3.2) Objective function ..........(27) (3.3) Constraint Optimization (30)
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM SIMULATION IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSIS (4.1) Problem formulation ......(34) (4.2) Economic dispatch problem ..................(37) (4.2.1) Generating Station Without Loss and no Generating limit ................(37) (4.2.2) Net saving in fuel cost for the Economic optimal scheduling as compared to equal distribution of the same load .....................(41) (4.2.3) Generating Station required to supply a single load demand with three generators and different generation limit .............(44) (4.2.4) Generating Station required to supply different values of load demand with different generating limits ................(49)
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION (5.1) Conclusion ....................(53) (5.2) Recommendation ...........(53) REFERENCE .(54)
LIST OF FIGURES Fig 2.1 Thermal Power Station ..(11) Fig 2.2 Daily Load Curve of a Power System ..(15) Fig 2.3 Load Curve / Load Duration Curve of a Power System .....................(16)   LIST OF TABLES Table 4.4    Optimal economic loading of a generating station required to supply different values of load demand with different generating limits ................(53) Table 4.3    Generating station required to supply a single load demand with three generators and different generating limit......................(49) Table 4.2    Generator net saving in fuel cost in Naira per hour for the economic optimal scheduling of the same total load of 500MW as compared to equal distribution of the load between the two units....................(45) Table 4.1    economic dispatch of a generating station without loss and no    generating limit .(41)