Analysis Of Bactericidal And Bacteriostatic Effect Of The Crude Extract Of Scent Leaf (Ocimum Gratissimum) on Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT

The antibacterial activity of the extract of Ocimum gratissimum was determined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract revealed the presence of bioactive bases responsible for antibacterial property, such as Saponin, Alkanoid, Flavonoid, Tanin and Steroid. The methanolic extraction of the active ingredient of the leaves was carried out using the method as described by Fatope, (1993). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 12.5mg/ml for E. coli and 25mg/ml for S. aureus and also had minimum bactericidal concentration of 6.25mg/ml for E. coli and 12.5mg/ml for S. aureus. The concentration 1.0mg/disc inhibited the isolates with highest diameter zone of inhibition as 15mm for E. coli and 13mm for S. aureus while the lowest diameter zone of inhibition as 8mm for E. coli and 7mm for S. aureus were recorded at concentration of 0.1mg/disc. Statistical analysis of the extract showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) the test isolates were sensitive to leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum which implies that the leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum can serve as a source of therapeutic agent and posses antibacterial properties.

TABLE OF CONTENTSDECLARATIONCERTIFICATIONACKNOWLEDMENTABSTRACTTABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE1.0      INTRODUCTION1.1    Statement Of The Problem1.2      Aim And Objectives
CHAPTER TWO2.0  LITERATURE REVIEW2.1      Importance of Medicinal Plants2.2      Medicinal Plants And Antimicrobial Agents2.3     Other Uses of Medicinal Plants2.4 An Overview: Ocimum gratissimum:2.4.1 Scientific classification2.5   Verification of Ocimum gratissimum2.6      Uses of Ocimum gratissimum
CHAPTER THREE3.0    MATERIAL AND METHODS3.1    Collection Of Plant Materials3.2  The Test Organisms3.3   Identification of Bacterial Isolates3.3.1       Macroscopy3.3.2       Gram Staining and Microscopy3.3.2.1    Gram staining Procedures3.3.3       Biochemical Test3.3.3.1 Coagulase Test3.3.3.2 Urease Test3.3.3.3 Indole Test3.3.3.4 Citrate Test3.3.3.5 Catalase Test3.3.3.6 Motility test3.3.3.7 Kligler Iron Agar (KIA)3.4 Extraction procedure3.5  Preparation of Sensitivity Discs3.6 Preparation of Sensitivity Discs with Methanolic Extracts Of Ocimum gratissimum3.7  Phytochemical Screening3.7.1 Test for saponin3.7.2 Test for steroids (liberman acid test)3.7.3 Test for tannins3.7.4 Test for flavonoids3.7.5 Test for alkaloids     3.8 Bioassay Procedure3.9            Determination Of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)3.10         Determination Of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)CHAPTER FOUR4.0  RESULTSCHAPTER FIVE5.0    DISCUSSION5.1  Conclusion5.2     RecommendationREFERENCESAPPENDIX 1APPENDIX 2