A Multidisciplinary Approach to Controlling Smog and Air Pollution in Metropolitan Cities: Integrating Physics, Engineering Science, and Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Metropolitan cities worldwide face a persistent and evolving challenge in managing smog and air pollution, phenomena with profound implications for public health, environmental integrity,and economic stability. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of urban air quality, systematically integrating principles from physics, engineering science, and mechanical engineering to elucidate the formation, dispersion, and control of pollutants. Beginning with a historical perspective on smog's evolution, the report delves into the intricate chemical and physical processes governing pollutant behavior in the atmosphere. It then explores a spectrum of engineering solutions, from advanced combustion technologies and sophisticated post-combustion control devices to innovative urban planning strategies that leverage atmospheric dynamics. The critical role of advanced monitoring, predictive modeling, and data-driven approaches, particularly through artificial intelligence and machine learning, is also examined. Finally, the paper addresses the complex socio-economic and transboundary dimensions of air pollution, advocating for integrated, interdisciplinary research and policy frameworks to achieve sustainable urban air quality. The analysis underscores that effective mitigation requires a holistic understanding and application of diverse scientific and engineering disciplines.